Histopathological Features of Oral Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicators

Original Article

Abstract

Background: Oral cancer, mostly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was shown to be one of the principal causes leading to a great health burden worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality

Objective: The objective of our research was to build an archetypal portrait of histopathological scenario in oral cancer and the clinical importance that can be leveraged as efficacious diagnostic markers for conducting precision diagnostics.

Study Design: A Retrospective Study.

Duration and Place of the Study: This study was conducted at Department Watim medical and dental college, Rawat, between 3^rd February 2023 to 2^nd January 2024.

Material and Methods: This research comprised of 200 patients having oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and other malignancies in oral region. Criteria for inclusion: patients having a histologically confirmed diagnosis of oral cancer with complete clinical records and enough biopsy tissue samples. The exclusion criteria were recurrent tumors, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy and incomplete histopathological records.

Results: The study population was the 200 patients diagnosed with oral cancer. The mean age of our patients at the time of diagnosis was 58.4 ± 12.3. The age range was as follows; 16.0% of the patients were under 40, 53.5% patients were 40-60, 30.5% patients wer over 60. Well-differentiated tumors had a baseline HR 1.00, whereas the HR in moderately differentiated cases was 1.45 (95% CI: 1.10-1.90, p=0.02) and in poorly differentiated 2.10 (95% CI: 1.50-2.90, p<0.01).

Conclusion: Our study in oral cancer supplied a comprehensive assessment on the histopathological and IHC characteristic of it for revealing their diagnostic, and prognostic functions.

Keywords: Histopathology, Oral Cancer, Diagnostic Indicators, Prognostic Markers.