RNA Drug As Therapeutic Agents: A Review Based On Literature.

Review Article

Abstract

Small RNA targeted drugs have received significant interest from the public and researches in the last decade due to their capability in treating different illnesses. RNA drugs corresponds to the small molecules which interact with and regulate the expression of particular genes at the level of RNA. Unlike ordinary small molecular chemicals, RNA drugs act directly on the nucleus and gene to produce very efficient and effective curative functions. Some of the RNA drugs are siRNA, ASOs, and mRNA, although the last one is used in vaccines. Both compounds, SiRNA and ASOs, act by attaching to the target mRNA chain and, as a result, the latter can be degraded or prevented from being translated into a protein. Onc the other hand, mRNA vaccines involve introducing a particular mRNA sequence into cells, and the outcome is that cells synthesize a certain protein that can be a viral antigen to spark an immune response. The RNA drugs have demonstrated quite significant outcomes with initial trials for diseases like cancer, genetic disorders as well as certain infections. For instance, siRNA based drugs are introduced for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis which is a rare genetic disease and ASO based drugs for spinal muscular atrophy. mRNA vaccines have also been developed to fight against the epidemic such as COVID-19. However, there are few major issues that have to be considered with regard to RNA drugs These are: These are; problems of drug delivery and stability; and issues to do with side or off-target effects. Despite of these hurdles, RNA drugs are a promising new category of drugs for diseases that can be treated by this technique. As the research work in the field of RNA medicine grows, the public might observe more RNA-based drugs being approved for the clinical use in the future years.

Keywords: RNA Drug, Therapeutic Agents, A Review