Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

The Pakistan Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research (PJAMMR), published under the auspices of Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera, is committed to upholding the highest ethical standards in scholarly publishing. The journal strictly adheres to the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and ensures transparency, accountability, and integrity in all aspects of the editorial and publication process.

1. Authorship and Contribution

All listed authors must have made significant intellectual contributions to the manuscript. This includes involvement in the conception or design of the work; acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; drafting or revising the article critically; and final approval of the version to be published. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all legitimate co-authors are properly listed and that no inappropriate or honorary authorships are included.

2. Originality and Plagiarism

Manuscripts submitted to PJAMMR must be the original work of the authors and must not be under consideration or previously published elsewhere. Any form of plagiarism—including self-plagiarism, data falsification, image manipulation, and unacknowledged use of others' work—is considered unethical and will result in immediate rejection and potential blacklisting of the authors.

3. Data Integrity and Availability

Authors should maintain accurate records of data associated with their submitted manuscript and must be prepared to provide access to the data for verification upon reasonable request. Whenever possible, data should be made publicly available in accordance with FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable).

4. Multiple, Redundant, or Simultaneous Submissions

Authors must not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time. Any such redundant or duplicate submission is considered unethical and will lead to rejection or retraction, if detected post-publication.

5. Acknowledgment of Sources

Proper and full acknowledgment of all sources and influences is required. Authors must cite all publications that have contributed to the formulation of their study and provide appropriate credit for any reproduced material with permission from original publishers where necessary.

6. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest

All authors are required to disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest, including financial, personal, institutional, or professional affiliations that may have influenced the research. Disclosure of all sources of funding for the work must also be clearly stated in the manuscript.

7. Ethical Approval and Human/Animal Rights

Studies involving human participants or animals must comply with institutional and national ethical standards. Manuscripts must include a statement confirming approval from an ethics committee or Institutional Review Board (IRB) and informed consent from human subjects. For animal studies, authors must demonstrate compliance with ethical guidelines on animal welfare.

8. Reporting and Research Standards

Manuscripts should present an accurate account of the research conducted. The reporting should be clear, complete, and reproducible, following appropriate guidelines such as CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA, or ARRIVE, depending on the study design. Fabrication or misrepresentation of results is strictly prohibited.

9. Peer Review Responsibilities

All manuscripts submitted to PJAMMR undergo a rigorous double-blind peer review process. Authors are expected to actively engage with the review process, respond to reviewers’ comments in a timely and constructive manner, and revise manuscripts as required by the editorial team.

10. Post-Publication Corrections and Retractions

If errors or misconduct are identified after publication, PJAMMR reserves the right to issue corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions in accordance with COPE recommendations. Authors are obligated to inform the editor promptly upon discovering significant errors in their published work and to cooperate fully in corrective measures.